Holarctis

Holarctis or the Boreal floral kingdom is the largest floristic region (or floral kingdom) of the world. It contains most of the north land hemisphere area. Holarctis is situated in Europe, most part of Asia and North America, it reach also North Africa. So Holarctis includes hole non-tropical area of north land hemisphere.
This wide floristic region could be classified into following sub-regions:

• Circumarctic
• Euro-Siberian
• Mediterranean
• Macaronesian
• Central-Western Asian
• Sino-Japanese
• North American

Holarctis is the largest floristic region, but it doesn´t mean also botanically richest. We can find only about 40 endemic families in this wide area.

• ABIES ALBA Mill. – Silver Fir
• ACONITUM PLICATUM Reichenb. – Monkshood
• ADONIS AESTIVALIS L. – Summer Pheasant’s Eye
• ADONIS VERNALIS L. – Spring Pheasant’s Eye
• AEONIUM GLANDULOSUM (Ait.) Webb et Berthel. – Disc Houseleek, Saucer Plant
• AEONIUM SIMSII (Sweet) Stearn
• AEONIUM TABULIFORME (Haw.) Webb et Berthel.
• AGROSTEMMA GITHAGO L. – Corn Cockle
• ALISMA PLANTAGO-AQUATICA L. – Common Water-plantain
• ALLIUM FLAVUM L. – Fragrant Yellow Allium, Yellow Onion
• ALLIUM PARADOXUM (M. Bieb.) G. Don – Few-Flowered Garlic, Few-Flowered Leek
• ALLIUM SENESCENS L. subsp. MONTANUM (Fries) Holub – Mountain Garlic
• ALLIUM URSINUM L. – Ramsons
• ANACAMPTIS PYRAMIDALIS (L.) L. C. Rich. – Pyramidal Orchid
• ANEMONE NEMOROSA L. – Wood Anemone, Windflower
• ANTENNARIA DIOICA (L.) Gaertner – Mountain Everlasting
• ARISTOLOCHIA CLEMATITIS L. – Birthwort
• ARMERIA MADERENSIS Lowe – Madeira Thrift
• ARNICA MONTANA L. – Mountain Arnica
• ASCLEPIAS SYRIACA L. – Common Milkweed
• ASPERUGO PROCUMBENS L. – German-madwort
• ASPLENIUM RUTA-MURARIA L. – Wall Rue
• ASPLENIUM SEPTENTRIONALE (L.) Hoffm. – Forked Spleenwort
• ASTER ALPINUS L. – Alpine Aster
• ASTER LINOSYRIS (L.) Bernh. – Goldilocks Aster, Goldilocks
• ATRACTYLIS PREAUXIANA Webb et Berth.
• AURINIA SAXATILIS (L.) Desv. subsp. ARDUINI (Fritsch) Dostál – Golden Alison
• BOTRYCHIUM LUNARIA (L.) Schwartz – Common Moonwort
• BUTOMUS UMBELLATUS L. – Flowering Rush
• CALLUNA VULGARIS (L.) Hull. – Heather, Ling
• CALYSTEGIA SEPIUM (L.) R. Br. – Hedge Bindweed, Bellbine
• CAMPANULA ALPINA Jacq. – Alpine Bellflower
• CAMPANULA BOHEMICA Hruby – Bohemian Bellflower
• CARDARIA DRABA (L.) Desv. – Hoary Cress
• CARLINA ACAULIS L. subsp. ACAULIS – Stemless Carline-thistle
• CENTAUREA TCHIHATCHEFFII Fisch. et Mey.
• CEPHALANTHERA DAMASONIUM (Mill.) Druce – Large White Helleborine
• CEPHALANTHERA LONGIFOLIA (L.) Fritsch. – Narrow-leaved Helleborine, Swordleaf Helleborine
• CEPHALANTHERA RUBRA (L.) L. C. Richard – Red Helleborine
• CHENOPODIUM CHENOPODIOIDES (L.) Aellen – Low Goosefoot
• COLCHICUM AUTUMNALE L. – Meadow Saffron
• CORNUS MAS L. – Cornelian Cherry
• CYCLAMEN PURPURASCENS Mill. – Purple Sowbread
• CYCLAMEN REPANDUM Sibth. et Sm. – Spring Sowbread
• CYPRIPEDIUM CALCEOLUS L. – Lady’s Slipper Orchid
• DACTYLORHIZA FOLIOSA (Vermeulen) Soó – Madeiran Orchid
• DACTYLORHIZA FUCHSII (Druce) Soó subsp. FUCHSII – Common Spotted Orchid
• DACTYLORHIZA INCARNATA (L.) Soó – Early Marsh Orchid
• DACTYLORHIZA LAPPONICA (Laest. ex Hartm.) Soó – Lapland Marsh Orchid
• DACTYLORHIZA MAJALIS (Rchb.) P. F. Hunt et Summerh. – Broad-Leafed Marsh Orchid
• DACTYLORHIZA OCHROLEUCA (Boll) Averyanov – Fen Early Marsh Orchid
• DACTYLORHIZA SAMBUCINA (L.) Soó – Elder-flowered Orchid
• DAPHNE MEZEREUM L. – Mezereon
• DELPHINIUM ELATUM L. – Candle Larkspur
• DIANTHUS ARENARIUS L. subsp. BOHEMICUS (Novák) O. Schwarz – Bohemian Sand Pink
• DIANTHUS DELTOIDES L. – Maiden Pink
• DIANTHUS MORAVICUS Kovanda – Moravian Pink
• DICTAMNUS ALBUS L. – Burning Bush
• DIGITALIS GRANDIFLORA Miller – Large Yellow Foxglove
• DROSERA ROTUNDIFOLIA L. – Common Sundew
• DRYAS OCTOPETALA L. – Mountain Avens
• ECHINOPS SPHAEROCEPHALUS L. – Great Globe-thistle
• ECHIUM VULGARE L. – Viper’s Bugloss
• ECHIUM WILDPRETII Pearson ex Hook. fil. – Tower of Jewels
• EPILOBIUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM L. – Rosebay Willowherb
• EPIPACTIS GREUTERI H. Baumann et Künkele – Greuter’s Helleborine
• EPIPACTIS PALUSTRIS (L.) Crantz – Marsh Helleborine
• ERANTHIS HYEMALIS (L.) Salisb. – Winter Aconite
• ERICA MADERENSIS (DC.) Bornm. – Madeira Grey Heather, Madeira Bell-Heather
• EROPHILA VERNA (L.) Bess. – Common Whitlow-grass
• FAGUS SYLVATICA L. – European Beech
• FILIPENDULA ULMARIA (L.) Maxim. – Meadowsweet
• FRAXINUS EXCELSIOR L. – European Ash
• GAGEA LUTEA (L.) Ker-Gawler – Yellow Star-of-Bethlehem
• GENTIANA ACAULIS L. – Stemless Gentian
• GENTIANA ASCLEPIADEA L. – Willow Gentian
• GENTIANA CLUSII Perr. et Songeon – Clusius’ Gentian
• GENTIANA PANNONICA Scop. – Hungarian Gentian, Pannonic Gentian
• GENTIANA PUNCTATA L. – Spotted Gentian
• GLAUX MARITIMA L. – Sea-milkwort
• GYMNADENIA CONOPSEA (L.) R. Brown. subsp. CONOPSEA – Fragrant Orchid
• HEDERA HELIX L. – Ivy
• HELLEBORUS NIGER L. – Black Hellebore
• HIERACIUM AURANTIACUM L. – Orange Hawkweed
• HIMANTOGLOSSUM ADRIATICUM H. Baumann – Adriatic Lizard Orchid
• HIMANTOGLOSSUM HIRCINUM (L.) Spreng. – Lizard Orchid
• HYOSCYAMUS NIGER L. – Henbane
• HYPERICUM PERFORATUM L. – Perforate St John´s Wort
• IPOMOEA PES-CAPRAE (L.) R. Br. – Railroad Vine, Bayhops
• IRIS PSEUDACORUS L. – Yellow Flag
• ISOPLEXIS SCEPTRUM (L. fil.) Loud.
• JOVIBARBA GLOBIFERA (L.) J. Parnell – Hen and Chickens Houseleek
• JUNIPERUS COMMUNIS L. subsp. COMMUNIS – Juniper
• KLEINIA NERIIFOLIA Haw. – Canary Islands Candle Plant
• LEONTOPODIUM ALPINUM Cass. – Edelweiss
• LEUCOJUM VERNUM L. – Spring Snowflake
• LILIUM MARTAGON L. – Martagon, Turk’s Cap Lily
• LINUM USITATISSIMUM L. – Common Flax
• LIPARIS LOESELII (L.) Rich. – Yellow Widelip Orchid, Fen Orchid
• LUNARIA REDIVIVA L. – Perennial Honesty
• MELAMPYRUM ARVENSE L. – Field Cow-wheat
• MENYANTHES TRIFOLIATA L. – Bogbean
• MESEMBRYANTHEMUM CRYSTALLINUM L. – Common Iceplant, Crystalline Iceplant
• NONEA PULLA (L.) DC. – Wrinklenut
• NUPHAR LUTEA (L.) Smith – Yellow Waterlily
• ONONIS SPINOSA L. – Spiny Restharrow
• OPHRYS APIFERA Huds. – Bee Orchid
• OPHRYS BISCUTELLA O. et D. Danesch
• OPHRYS BOMBYLIFLORA Link – Bumblebee Orchid
• OPHRYS HOLOSERICEA (Burm. f.) Greuter subsp. HOLUBYANA (Andrasovszky) Dostál – Late Spider Orchid
• OPHRYS SPHEGODES Mill. – Early Spider Orchid
• OPHRYS TENTHREDINIFERA Willd. – Sawfly Orchid
• ORCHIS MILITARIS L. – Military Orchid
• ORCHIS MORIO L. – Green-winged Orchid
• ORCHIS SCOPULORUM Summerh. – Branching Orchid, Rock Orchid
• OXYTROPIS PILOSA (L.) DC. – Hairy Milk Vetch
• PAPAVER ARGEMONE L. – Prickly Poppy
• PAPAVER RHOEAS L. – Common Poppy
• PARNASSIA PALUSTRIS L. – Grass of Parnassus
• PHYSALIS ALKEKENGI L. – Cape Gooseberry, Chinese Lantern, Winter Cherry
• PINGUICULA VULGARIS L. – Common Butterwort
• PINUS CANARIENSIS Chr. Sm. ex DC. – Canary Island Pine
• PINUS CEMBRA L. – Arolla Pine, Swiss Pine
• PINUS MUGO Turra – Mountain Pine
• PINUS PINEA L. – Stone Pine, Umbrella Pine, Italian Stone Pine
• PINUS SYLVESTRIS L. – Scots Pine
• PLOCAMA PENDULA Ait.
• POLYGALA CHAMAEBUXUS L. – Box-leaved Milkwort
• POLYGONATUM MULTIFLORUM (L.) All. – Common Solomon’s Seal
• POLYPODIUM VULGARE L. – Common Polypody
• POTENTILLA ALBA L. – White Cinquefoil
• PRIMULA AURICULA L. – Bear’s-ear
• PRIMULA ELATIOR (L.) Hill – Oxlip
• PRIMULA VERIS L. – Cowslip
• PSEUDOLYSIMACHION SPICATUM (L.) Opiz – Spiked Speedwell
• PULSATILLA GRANDIS Wenderoth – Pasque Flower, Meadow Anemone
• RHODIOLA ROSEA L. – Rose-root
• RHODODENDRON FERRUGINEUM L. – Alpine-rose
• SANGUISORBA OFFICINALIS L. – Great Burnet
• SAXIFRAGA PANICULATA Miller – Livelong Saxifrage
• SCHOENOPLECTUS SUPINUS (L.) Palla
• SEDUM ACRE L. – Wall Pepper
• SEDUM FARINOSUM Lowe – Mealy Stonecrop
• SEDUM TELEPHIUM L. subsp. MAXIMUM (L.) Kirschl. – Orpine, Livelong
• SEMPERVIVUM TECTORUM L. – Common Houseleek, Liveforever
• SILENE ACAULIS (L.) Jacq. – Moss Campion
• SORBUS GEMELLA Kovanda – Rowan
• SPIRANTHES SPIRALIS (L.) Chevall. – Autumn Ladie’s Tresses
• SWERTIA PERENNIS L. – Marsh Felwort
• TRAPA NATANS L. – Water Chestnut
• ULEX EUROPAEUS L. – Common Gorse
• VACCINIUM MYRTILLUS L. – Common Bilberry
• VACCINIUM VITIS-IDAEA L. – Cowberry
• VERBASCUM PHOENICEUM L. – Purple Mullein
• VINCA MINOR L. – Common Periwinkle, Lesser Periwinkle
• VIOLA PARADOXA Lowe – Madeira Violet
• WOODWARDIA RADICANS (L.) Sm. – European Chain Fern
• XERANTHEMUM ANNUUM L. – Immortelle, Everlasting
• ZYGOPHYLLUM FONTANESII Webb et Berth. – Salt-Plant