{"id":1322,"date":"2007-07-18T20:46:56","date_gmt":"2007-07-18T18:46:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/botany.cz\/cs\/salix-purpurea\/"},"modified":"2022-05-30T21:38:35","modified_gmt":"2022-05-30T20:38:35","slug":"salix-purpurea","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/botany.cz\/cs\/salix-purpurea\/","title":{"rendered":"SALIX PURPUREA L. &#8211; vrba nachov\u00e1 \/ v\u0155ba purpurov\u00e1"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Syn.:<\/strong> <em>Salix condensata<\/em> Kit. ex J\u00e1v., <em>Salix mutabilis<\/em> Host<br \/>\n<strong>\u010cele\u010f:<\/strong> <em>Salicaceae<\/em> Mirbel &#8211; vrbovit\u00e9<!--more--><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"\/foto\/salixpurpurherb1.jpg\" alt=\"Salix purpurea\" title=\"Salix purpurea\"\/> <\/p>\n<p><strong>Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed:<\/strong> Evropa (st\u0159edn\u00ed a ji\u017en\u00ed), severn\u00ed Afrika. Chyb\u00ed ve Skandin\u00e1vii a severov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evrop\u011b. Na v\u00fdchod\u011b po B\u011blorusko, na Balk\u00e1n\u011b a v z\u00e1padn\u00ed Asii ji st\u0159\u00eddaj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 druhy. Vertik\u00e1ln\u00ed rozmez\u00ed 100\u20132300 m n. m. V \u010cR se vyskytuje roztrou\u0161en\u011b po cel\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed od n\u00ed\u017ein do ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed horsk\u00fdch poloh, nejv\u00fd\u0161e na \u0160umav\u011b na Kn\u00ed\u017eec\u00edch pl\u00e1n\u00edch v 990 m n. m.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ekologie:<\/strong> Roste v pob\u0159e\u017en\u00edch k\u0159ovin\u00e1ch a b\u0159ehov\u00fdch porostech pod\u00e9l potok\u016f, \u0159ek a vodn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edkop\u016f, na \u0161t\u011brkov\u00fdch n\u00e1plavech byst\u0159in, na miner\u00e1ln\u011b bohat\u0161\u00edch kamenit\u00fdch p\u016fd\u00e1ch, na silik\u00e1tov\u00fdch i bazick\u00fdch podkladech. Diagnostick\u00fd druh spole\u010denstev \u0159\u00e1du <em>Salicetalia purpureae<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"\/foto\/salixpurpurherb2.jpg\" alt=\"Salix purpurea\"\/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Popis:<\/strong> Opadav\u00fd dvoudom\u00fd ke\u0159 dosahuj\u00edc\u00ed 2\u20138 m v\u00fd\u0161ky. Km\u00ednky dor\u016fstaj\u00ed asi do 15 cm  v pr\u016fm\u011bru. Borka \u0161ed\u00e1, hladk\u00e1, letorosty lys\u00e9, \u0161edav\u011b zelen\u00e9, a\u017e na\u017eloutl\u00e9 \u010di na\u010dervenal\u00e9. K\u016fra v\u00fdrazn\u011b trpk\u00e9 chuti (zv\u011b\u0159 tuto vrbu neokusuje), l\u00fdko n\u00e1padn\u011b \u017elut\u00e9 barvy. Pupeny st\u0159\u00eddav\u00e9, vz. vst\u0159\u00edcn\u00e9, 2\u20133 mm dlouh\u00e9, kv\u011btn\u00ed 5\u20137 mm dlouh\u00e9, na\u010dervenal\u00e9, lys\u00e9;  kryt\u00e9 1 \u0161upinou. Listy st\u0159\u00eddav\u00e9, vz\u00e1cn\u011b i vst\u0159\u00edcn\u00e9, obkopinat\u00e9; \u010depel 3\u201312 cm dlouh\u00e1, 0,8\u20131,2 cm \u0161irok\u00e1, v doln\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti celokrajn\u00e1, v horn\u00ed pilovit\u00e1, lys\u00e1, na l\u00edci zelen\u00e1, vespod siv\u00e1 \u010di namodral\u00e1; \u0159ap\u00edk 2\u20134 mm dlouh\u00fd, palisty chyb\u00ed. Jehn\u011bdy v\u00e1lcovit\u00e9, 2\u20133 cm dlouh\u00e9, p\u0159isedl\u00e9, ohnut\u00e9. Sam\u010d\u00ed kv\u011bty zd\u00e1nliv\u011b s 1 ty\u010dinkou, nitky p\u016fvodn\u011b 2 ty\u010dinek srostl\u00e9, pra\u0161n\u00edky p\u0159ed rozkv\u011btem na\u010dervenal\u00e9. Sami\u010d\u00ed kv\u011bty s p\u0159isedl\u00fdm chlupat\u00fdm, vejcovit\u00fdm semen\u00edkem, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 bez \u010dn\u011blky. Tobolky vej\u010dit\u00e9 asi 4 mm dlouh\u00e9. Kvete p\u0159ed ra\u0161en\u00edm list\u016f od dubna do kv\u011btna, plody dozr\u00e1vaj\u00ed za\u010d\u00e1tkem l\u00e9ta. Do\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se asi 40 let.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"\/foto\/salixpurpur1.jpg\" alt=\"Salix purpurea\"\/><img src=\"\/foto\/salixpurpur2.jpg\" alt=\"Salix purpurea\"\/><br \/>\n<img src=\"\/foto\/salixpurpur3.jpg\" alt=\"Salix purpurea\"\/><img src=\"\/foto\/salixpurpur4.jpg\" alt=\"Salix purpurea\"\/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Vyu\u017eit\u00ed:<\/strong> Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se ke zpev\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed b\u0159eh\u016f, p\u011bstov\u00e1na tak\u00e9 ve vrbovn\u00e1ch pro \u0159ez prout\u00ed na ko\u0161\u00edk\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely, tak\u00e9 v sadovnictv\u00ed s n\u011bkolika kultivary. Ze v\u0161ech z\u00e1stupc\u016f rodu <em>Salix<\/em> pr\u00e1v\u011b vrba nachov\u00e1 obsahuje v k\u016f\u0159e nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed kyseliny salicylov\u00e9. \u00da\u010dinky zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky byly prokazateln\u011b zn\u00e1my ji\u017e starov\u011bk\u00fdm africk\u00fdm civilizac\u00edm (S\u00fdrie a Egypt) a v praxi jich vyu\u017e\u00edvala samoz\u0159ejm\u011b rovn\u011b\u017e antick\u00e1 medic\u00edna \u2013 nap\u0159. Hippokrates ordinoval \u0161\u0165\u00e1vu z vrbov\u00e9 k\u016fry k ti\u0161en\u00ed revmatick\u00fdch \u010di porodn\u00edch bolest\u00ed. Ve st\u0159edov\u011bku byl velmi popul\u00e1rn\u00ed odvar z vrbov\u00e9 k\u016fry jako l\u00e9k na hore\u010dku. Pozd\u011bji z vrbov\u00e9 k\u016fry extrahovan\u00e1 l\u00e1tka salicin byla jedn\u00edm z prvn\u00edch impuls\u016f k v\u00fdrob\u011b dnes sv\u011btozn\u00e1m\u00e9ho Aspirinu, \u010di Acylpirinu.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"\/foto\/salixpurpurherb3.jpg\" alt=\"Salix purpurea\"\/><\/p>\n<p>Fotografov\u00e1no ve dnech 9. 9. 2006 (\u010cesko, okol\u00ed Broumarsk\u00e9ho rybn\u00edka u Opo\u010dna), 8. 4. 2007 (Slovensko, Z\u00e1dielsk\u00e1 dolina) a 5. 7. 2007 (It\u00e1lie, Rindana).<\/p>\n<div class=\"nastred\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script><br \/>\n<!-- doporu\u010deno --><br \/>\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\n     style=\"display:inline-block;width:336px;height:280px\"\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-5451212302176129\"\n     data-ad-slot=\"3546434299\"><\/ins><br \/>\n<script>\n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\n<\/script><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Syn.: Salix condensata Kit. ex J\u00e1v., Salix mutabilis Host \u010cele\u010f: Salicaceae Mirbel &#8211; vrbovit\u00e9<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":174948,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[8,25,15,12,22,54],"tags":[],"fifu_image_url":"\/foto\/salixpurpurherb1.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/botany.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1322"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/botany.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/botany.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/botany.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/botany.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1322"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/botany.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1322\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":217852,"href":"https:\/\/botany.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1322\/revisions\/217852"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/botany.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/174948"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/botany.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1322"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/botany.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1322"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/botany.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1322"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}