{"id":145502,"date":"2018-05-07T20:04:47","date_gmt":"2018-05-07T19:04:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/botany.cz\/cs\/?p=145502"},"modified":"2022-07-05T12:00:08","modified_gmt":"2022-07-05T11:00:08","slug":"araucaria-heterophylla","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/botany.cz\/cs\/araucaria-heterophylla\/","title":{"rendered":"ARAUCARIA HETEROPHYLLA (Salisb.) Franco – blaho\u010det"},"content":{"rendered":"

Syn.:<\/strong> Eutacta excelsa<\/em> var. aurea-variegata<\/em> Carri\u00e8re, Eutacta excelsa<\/em> var. glauca<\/em> (Carri\u00e8re) Carri\u00e8re, Eutacta excelsa<\/em> var. monstrosa<\/em> Carri\u00e8re, Eutacta excelsa<\/em> var. variegata-alba<\/em> Carri\u00e8re, Eutassa heterophylla<\/em> Salisb.
\n\u010cesk\u00e1 jm\u00e9na:<\/strong> „pokojov\u00e1 jedle“ (Mare\u010dek 1994)
\n\u010cele\u010f:<\/strong> Araucariaceae<\/em> Henkel et W. Hochst. – blaho\u010detovit\u00e9<\/p>\n

\"Araucaria<\/p>\n

Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed:<\/strong> Druh poch\u00e1z\u00ed z ostrova Norfolk<\/a>, le\u017e\u00edc\u00edho mezi Nov\u00fdm Z\u00e9landem a Novou Kaledoni\u00ed. Cel\u00fd are\u00e1l m\u011b\u0159\u00ed asi 10 km2<\/sup>; v\u011bt\u0161ina jedinc\u016f roste na hlavn\u00edm ostrov\u011b, men\u0161\u00ed populace roste i na bl\u00edzk\u00e9m Philipp Island, zat\u00edmco na ostr\u016fvku Nepean druh vyhynul. Ve sv\u011bt\u011b se dosti \u010dasto p\u011bstuje: venkovn\u00ed kultury jsou zejm\u00e9na na Nov\u00e9m Z\u00e9landu a v Austr\u00e1lii, na Havaji i v dal\u0161\u00edch zem\u00edch. V chladn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch se p\u011bstuje i jako pokojov\u00e1 rostlina.<\/p>\n

Ekologie:<\/strong> Stanovi\u0161t\u011bm jsou kamenit\u00e9 svahy na \u010dedi\u010dov\u00e9m podlo\u017e\u00ed, v prost\u0159ed\u00ed subtropick\u00e9ho klimatu s pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdmi teplotami v l\u00e9t\u011b 24\u201328 \u00b0C, v zim\u011b 17\u201321 \u00b0C. Vystupuje do nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ky 300 m.<\/p>\n

\"Araucaria<\/p>\n

Popis:<\/strong> Statn\u00fd dvoudom\u00fd strom, dor\u016fst\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161ky 50\u201365(\u201370) m; koruna je ku\u017eelovit\u00e1; kmen dor\u016fst\u00e1 pr\u016fm\u011bru 1,2\u20131,7(\u20133) m; v\u011btve jsou p\u0159eslenit\u011b uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1ny (obvykle po 4\u20137) a zpravidla sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed vodorovn\u011b nebo pon\u011bkud \u0161ikmo vzh\u016fru; borka je \u0161edohn\u011bd\u00e1, odlupuje se v drobn\u00fdch \u0161upin\u00e1ch. Listy jsou velmi hust\u011b uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00e9, jehlicovit\u00e9, na mlad\u00fdch v\u011btv\u00edch 1\u20131,5 cm dlouh\u00e9 a asi 1 mm \u0161irok\u00e9, sv\u011b\u017ee zelen\u00e9, srpovit\u011b zahnut\u00e9, na star\u0161\u00edch v\u011btv\u00edch 0,5\u20131 cm dlouh\u00e9 a 2\u20134 mm \u0161irok\u00e9, syt\u011b tmavozelen\u00e9, v horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti koruny na semenn\u00fdch v\u011btv\u00edch jsou listy \u0161upinovit\u00e9, asi 6 mm dlouh\u00e9 a 4\u20136 mm \u0161irok\u00e9, zakon\u010den\u00e9 ostrou \u0161pi\u010dkou. Sam\u010d\u00ed \u0161i\u0161tice vyr\u016fstaj\u00ed ve shluc\u00edch, jsou asi 4 cm dlouh\u00e9, \u017elutohn\u011bd\u00e9 a\u017e \u010dervenav\u00e9, \u0161upiny jsou na okraji brvit\u00e9, na vrcholu \u0161pi\u010dat\u00e9. Sami\u010d\u00ed \u0161i\u0161tice jsou \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e dlouh\u00e9, 10\u201312 cm dlouh\u00e9 a 12\u201315 cm \u0161irok\u00e9, s troj\u00faheln\u00edkovit\u00fdmi semenn\u00fdmi a dlouh\u00fdmi zak\u0159iven\u00fdmi podp\u016frn\u00fdmi \u0161upinami, po dozr\u00e1n\u00ed se rozpadaj\u00ed. Semena jsou 2,5\u20133 cm dlouh\u00e1 a asi 1,2 cm \u0161irok\u00e1, \u0161iroce k\u0159\u00eddlat\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Ohro\u017een\u00ed a ochrana:<\/strong> V dob\u011b objevu ostrova Norfolk v roce 1774 m\u011bly porosty tohoto druhu rozlohu okolo 100 km2<\/sup>, po kolonizaci byly intenzivn\u011b k\u00e1ceny a ni\u010deny. \u010cerven\u00fd seznam IUCN dnes druh hodnot\u00ed jako zraniteln\u00fd (VUe). K ohro\u017euj\u00edc\u00edm faktor\u016fm pat\u0159\u00ed zejm\u00e9na fragmentace populace a \u0161patn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed zmlazov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Pozn\u00e1mka:<\/strong> Strom je symbolem ostrova Norfolk, je v jeho znaku i na vlajce.<\/p>\n

\"Araucaria\"Araucaria
\n\"Araucaria
\n\"Araucaria<\/p>\n

Fotografovala Alena Vydrov\u00e1, dne 19. 4. 2018 (\u0160pan\u011blsko, Katal\u00e1nsko, Barcelona, El Jard\u00ed Bot\u00e0nic de Barcelona<\/a>).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Syn.: Eutacta excelsa var. aurea-variegata Carri\u00e8re, Eutacta excelsa var. glauca (Carri\u00e8re) Carri\u00e8re, Eutacta excelsa var. monstrosa Carri\u00e8re, Eutacta excelsa var. variegata-alba Carri\u00e8re, Eutassa heterophylla Salisb. \u010cesk\u00e1 jm\u00e9na: „pokojov\u00e1 jedle“ (Mare\u010dek 1994) \u010cele\u010f: Araucariaceae Henkel et W. Hochst. – blaho\u010detovit\u00e9<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":77,"featured_media":189788,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[16,8,15,10,18],"tags":[],"fifu_image_url":"\/foto3\/araucaheteropherb3.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/botany.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/145502"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/botany.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/botany.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/botany.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/77"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/botany.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=145502"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/botany.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/145502\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":221593,"href":"https:\/\/botany.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/145502\/revisions\/221593"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/botany.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/189788"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/botany.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=145502"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/botany.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=145502"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/botany.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=145502"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}