{"id":4308,"date":"2010-03-29T20:05:44","date_gmt":"2010-03-29T19:05:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/botany.cz\/cs\/?p=4308"},"modified":"2020-05-16T07:51:29","modified_gmt":"2020-05-16T06:51:29","slug":"salix-caprea","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/botany.cz\/cs\/salix-caprea\/","title":{"rendered":"SALIX CAPREA L. \u2013 vrba j\u00edva \/ v\u0155ba rakytov\u00e1"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Syn.:<\/strong> <em>Caprea vulgaris<\/em> Opiz<br \/>\n<strong>\u010cesk\u00e1 jm\u00e9na:<\/strong> vrba j\u00edva (Presl 1819, Sloboda 1852), j\u00edva obecn\u00e1 (Opiz 1852), j\u00edva (\u010celakovsk\u00fd 1879), vrba j\u00edva (Pol\u00edvka 1912, Dost\u00e1l 1950), vrba obecn\u00e1 (Dost\u00e1l 1989), vrba j\u00edva (Kub\u00e1t 2002)<br \/>\n<strong>Slovensk\u00e1 jm\u00e9na:<\/strong> vrba rokyta, jiva, hyva, yva, jivina, rokyta, rakyta (Reuss 1853), v\u0155ba rakyta (Dost\u00e1l 1950), v\u0155ba rakytov\u00e1 (Marhold et Hind\u00e1k 1998)<br \/>\n<strong>\u010cele\u010f:<\/strong> <em>Salicaceae<\/em> Mirbel &#8211; vrbovit\u00e9<!--more--><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"\/foto\/salixcapreaherb2.jpg\" alt=\"Salix caprea\" title=\"Salix caprea\"\/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed:<\/strong> Eurasijsk\u00fd druh, v Evrop\u011b roste krom\u011b ji\u017en\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti Balk\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho a Pyrenejsk\u00e9ho poloostrova, d\u00e1le po severov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asii a severn\u00ed \u00cdr\u00e1n. U n\u00e1s je hojn\u00e1, roste po cel\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed republiky. <\/p>\n<p><strong>Ekologie:<\/strong> Vrba j\u00edva je sv\u011btlomiln\u00e1 a zna\u010dn\u011b p\u0159izp\u016fsobiv\u00e1 d\u0159evina. Roste na relativn\u011b such\u00fdch stanovi\u0161t\u00edch, \u0161patn\u011b se p\u0159izp\u016fsobuje nadm\u011brn\u00e9mu mno\u017estv\u00ed vody v p\u016fd\u011b a vydr\u017e\u00ed jen do\u010dasn\u00e9 zamok\u0159en\u00ed. Roste ve sv\u011btl\u00fdch les\u00edch, zejm\u00e9na pak na sut\u00edch, hojn\u011b tak\u00e9 na pasek\u00e1ch, p\u0159i lesn\u00edch okraj\u00edch a pod\u00e9l cest. Velmi dob\u0159e odol\u00e1v\u00e1 m\u011bstsk\u00e9mu prost\u0159ed\u00ed, roz\u0161i\u0159uje se na skl\u00e1dky, opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 lomy, zdevastovan\u00e9 plochy, n\u00e1sypy apod. Kvete v b\u0159eznu p\u0159ed ra\u0161en\u00edm list\u016f.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"\/foto\/salixcaprea4.jpg\" alt=\"Salix caprea\"\/><img src=\"\/foto\/salixcaprea2.jpg\" alt=\"Salix caprea\"\/><br \/>\n<img src=\"\/foto\/salixcapreaherb3.jpg\" alt=\"Salix caprea\"\/><br \/>\n<img src=\"\/foto3\/salixcapreaherb5.jpg\" alt=\"Salix caprea\"\/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Popis:<\/strong> Strom men\u0161\u00edho vzr\u016fstu s ko\u0161atou korunou, kter\u00fd dor\u016fst\u00e1 do v\u00fd\u0161ky 10\u201312 m. V nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch roste pouze jako ke\u0159. Borka je v ml\u00e1d\u00ed hladk\u00e1, sv\u011btle \u0161ed\u00e1, u star\u00fdch j\u00edv pak tmavo\u0161ed\u00e1 a hluboce rozpukan\u00e1. Listy jsou dlouze \u0159ap\u00edkat\u00e9, vej\u010dit\u00e9 a\u017e eliptick\u00e9, cca 7\u201311 cm dlouh\u00e9, s vroubkovan\u00fdm okrajem a na rubu \u0161ed\u011b plstnat\u00e9 se z\u0159etelnou \u017eilnatinou. Listy na podzim \u017eloutnou. Sam\u010d\u00ed jehn\u011bdy jsou \u017elut\u00e9, sami\u010d\u00ed zelenav\u00e9. Produkuje velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed drobn\u00fdch ochm\u00fd\u0159en\u00fdch semen, kter\u00e9 jsou v\u011btrem rozn\u00e1\u0161eny na velk\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti. Do\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se 40\u201360 let. <\/p>\n<p><strong>Vyu\u017eit\u00ed:<\/strong> Vrba j\u00edva je velmi cen\u011bna v\u010dela\u0159i, proto\u017ee u\u017e brzy na ja\u0159e poskytuje v\u010del\u00ed pastvu. Pro sv\u00e9 velk\u00e9 a kr\u00e1sn\u00e9 jehn\u011bdy (lidov\u011b naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 ko\u010di\u010dky) je tak\u00e9 obl\u00edben\u00e1 na \u0159ez pro okrasu. Popul\u00e1rn\u00ed jsou tak\u00e9 kultivary t\u00e9to vrby, nap\u0159. p\u0159evisle rostouc\u00ed <em>Salix caprea<\/em> \u00b4Pendula\u00b4.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pozn\u00e1mka:<\/strong> Vrba j\u00edva je tak\u00e9 \u017eivnou rostlinou tesa\u0159\u00edka <em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cerambycidae-hrbek.cz\/tesar.CR\/pantherinus.htm\">Xylotrechus pantherinus<\/a><\/em> a mot\u00fdl\u016f batolce \u010derven\u00e9ho (<em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.lepidoptera.cz\/index.php?id=26\">Apatura ilia<\/a><\/em>) a batolce duhov\u00e9ho (<em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.lepidoptera.cz\/index.php?id=27\">Apatura iris<\/a><\/em>).<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"\/foto\/salixcapreaherb4.jpg\" alt=\"Salix caprea\"\/><br \/>\n<img src=\"\/foto\/salixcapreaherb1.jpg\" alt=\"Salix caprea\"\/><\/p>\n<p>Fotografovaly V\u011bra Doru\u0161kov\u00e1, v pr\u016fb\u011bhu roku 2009 (\u010cesko, Morava, Lipt\u00e1l); Alena Vydrov\u00e1, dne 9. 5. 2020 (\u010cechy, \u0160umava, Kn\u00ed\u017eec\u00ed Pl\u00e1n\u011b).<\/p>\n<div class=\"nastred\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script><br \/>\n<!-- doporu\u010deno --><br \/>\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\n     style=\"display:inline-block;width:336px;height:280px\"\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-5451212302176129\"\n     data-ad-slot=\"3546434299\"><\/ins><br \/>\n<script>\n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\n<\/script><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Syn.: Caprea vulgaris Opiz \u010cesk\u00e1 jm\u00e9na: vrba j\u00edva (Presl 1819, Sloboda 1852), j\u00edva obecn\u00e1 (Opiz 1852), j\u00edva (\u010celakovsk\u00fd 1879), vrba j\u00edva (Pol\u00edvka 1912, Dost\u00e1l 1950), vrba obecn\u00e1 (Dost\u00e1l 1989), vrba j\u00edva (Kub\u00e1t 2002) Slovensk\u00e1 jm\u00e9na: vrba rokyta, jiva, hyva, yva, jivina, rokyta, rakyta (Reuss 1853), v\u0155ba rakyta (Dost\u00e1l 1950), v\u0155ba rakytov\u00e1 (Marhold et Hind\u00e1k 1998) &#8230; <a title=\"SALIX CAPREA L. \u2013 vrba j\u00edva \/ v\u0155ba rakytov\u00e1\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/botany.cz\/cs\/salix-caprea\/\" aria-label=\"V\u00edce na SALIX CAPREA L. \u2013 vrba j\u00edva \/ v\u0155ba rakytov\u00e1\">\u010c\u00edst d\u00e1l<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":189169,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[8,25,15,12,54],"tags":[],"fifu_image_url":"\/foto\/salixcapreaherb2.jpg","fifu_image_alt":"SALIX CAPREA L. \u2013 vrba j\u00edva \/ v\u0155ba rakytov\u00e1","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/botany.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4308"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/botany.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/botany.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/botany.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/25"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/botany.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4308"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/botany.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4308\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/botany.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/189169"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/botany.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4308"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/botany.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4308"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/botany.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4308"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}