{"id":88135,"date":"2015-02-09T21:39:12","date_gmt":"2015-02-09T20:39:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/botany.cz\/cs\/?p=88135"},"modified":"2024-05-03T04:33:55","modified_gmt":"2024-05-03T03:33:55","slug":"norfolska-provincie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/botany.cz\/cs\/norfolska-provincie\/","title":{"rendered":"Holantarctis &#8211; Novoz\u00e9landsk\u00e1 oblast &#8211; Norfolsk\u00e1 provincie"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!--more--><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/maps\/d\/embed?mid=z8DJcJW8Kwhg.kmKrWpEz8D5M\" width=\"685\" height=\"427\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Izolovan\u00fd star\u00fd sope\u010dn\u00fd ostrov Norfolk le\u017e\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b mezi <a href=\"\/cs\/severo-vychodoaustralska-oblast\/\">australskou pevninou<\/a>, <a href=\"\/cs\/novozelandska-provincie\/\">Nov\u00fdm Z\u00e9landem<\/a> a <a href=\"\/cs\/novokaledonska-provincie\/\">Novou Kaledoni\u00ed<\/a>. Je nejv\u00edce na sever vysunut\u00fdm \u00fazem\u00edm <a href=\"\/cs\/rubrika\/bioregiony\/antarctis\/novozelandska-oblast\/\">Novoz\u00e9landsk\u00e9 oblasti<\/a>, kter\u00e1 je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed kv\u011btenn\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e <a href=\"\/cs\/rubrika\/bioregiony\/antarctis\/\">Holantarctis<\/a>. Rozloha hlavn\u00edho ostrova \u010din\u00ed asi 35 km<sup>2<\/sup>, u n\u011bj se nach\u00e1z\u00ed mali\u010dk\u00fd ostr\u016fvek Nepean a asi 7 km ji\u017en\u011bji je\u0161t\u011b Filip\u016fv ostrov (1,9 km<sup>2<\/sup>). Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed bod hlavn\u00edho ostrova vystupuje do v\u00fd\u0161ky 319 m n. m. Na ostrovech panuje subtropick\u00e9 klima s nep\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velk\u00fdm kol\u00eds\u00e1n\u00edm teplot i sr\u00e1\u017eek v pr\u016fb\u011bhu roku; ro\u010dn\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011br teplot je 18,9 \u00b0C, \u00fahrn sr\u00e1\u017eek t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 1300 mm. Ostrov byl jednu dobu os\u00eddlen Polyn\u00e9sany, ale kapit\u00e1n Cook, kter\u00fd na n\u011bj vstoupil v roce 1774 jako prvn\u00ed Evropan, jej na\u0161el lidupr\u00e1zdn\u00fd. Dnes zde \u017eije asi 2300 obyvatel.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"\/foto\/lagunariapatersoniaherb1.jpg\" alt=\"Lagunaria patersonia\" title=\"Lagunaria patersonia\"\/><\/p>\n<p>V Cookov\u011b dob\u011b ostrov pokr\u00fdvaly hust\u00e9 lesy tvo\u0159en\u00e9 endemick\u00fdm blaho\u010detem <em><a href=\"\/cs\/araucaria-heterophylla\/\">Araucaria heterophylla<\/a><\/em>, kter\u00e9 dosahovaly v\u00fd\u0161ky a\u017e 60 m. Spolu s n\u00edm rostou dal\u0161\u00ed endemick\u00e9 d\u0159eviny, nap\u0159. <em>Dysoxylum bijugum<\/em> (<em>Meliaceae<\/em>) a <em>Meryta angustifolia<\/em> (<em>Araliaceae<\/em>), ve vlh\u010d\u00edch \u00fa\u017elabin\u00e1ch i jedin\u00e1 zdej\u0161\u00ed palma <em>Rhopalostylis baueri<\/em> a mohutn\u00e9 stromov\u00e9 kapradiny <em>Cyathea brownii<\/em> a <em>Cyathea australis<\/em> subsp. <em>norfolkensis<\/em>. Da\u0159\u00ed se zde i li\u00e1n\u00e1m, nap\u0159. kapa\u0159e <em>Capparis nobilis<\/em> a pand\u00e1novit\u00e9 <em>Freycinetia baueriana<\/em>, a epifyt\u016fm, z nich\u017e nejpozoruhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je rodu <em>Psilotum<\/em> bl\u00edzk\u00fd druh <em>Tmesipteris forsteri<\/em>, z orchidej\u00ed nap\u0159. <em>Bulbophyllum argyropus<\/em> a <em>Dendrobium brachypus<\/em>. Na \u00fatesech na pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed p\u0159evl\u00e1d\u00e1 <em><a href=\"\/cs\/phormium-tenax\/\">Phormium tenax<\/a><\/em> a d\u00e1le nap\u0159. ke\u0159ov\u00fd pry\u0161ec <em>Euphorbia norfolkiana<\/em>, spolu s nimi je\u0161t\u011b <em>Lobelia anceps<\/em>. V p\u00eds\u010dit\u00fdch z\u00e1tok\u00e1ch jsou typick\u00e9 <em><a href=\"\/cs\/tetragonia-trigyna\/\">Tetragonia trigyna<\/a><\/em> a <em><a href=\"\/cs\/lagunaria-patersonia\/\">Lagunaria patersoniana<\/a><\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>P\u016fvodn\u00ed fl\u00f3ra \u010d\u00edt\u00e1 174 druh\u016f, z nich je 50\u201360 endemick\u00fdch; v systematick\u00e9m slo\u017een\u00ed je n\u00e1padn\u011b vysok\u00e9 procento kapra\u010forost\u016f, co\u017e odpov\u00edd\u00e1 izolovanosti ostrova a sou\u010dasn\u011b i stabiln\u011b vlhk\u00e9mu klimatu. Kv\u011btena m\u00e1 p\u0159echodn\u00fd charakter mezi holantarktickou a paleotropickou fl\u00f3rou a z\u0159eteln\u00fd gondwansk\u00fd p\u016fvod. Zdej\u0161\u00ed <em>Araucaria<\/em> je nejbl\u00ed\u017ee p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e1 novokaledonsk\u00e9mu druhu <em><a href=\"\/cs\/araucaria-columnaris\/\">Araucaria columnaris<\/a><\/em>, zat\u00edmco nap\u0159. <em><a href=\"\/cs\/phormium-tenax\/\">Phormium tenax<\/a><\/em> roste i na Nov\u00e9m Z\u00e9landu. <\/p>\n<p>V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b je kv\u011btena pod velk\u00fdm antropick\u00fdm tlakem; v\u011bt\u0161ina p\u016fvodn\u00edch les\u016f byla vyk\u00e1cena, \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed se zde neofyty, kter\u00fdch je zde nyn\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e druh\u016f dom\u00e1c\u00edch. Mnoho p\u016fvodn\u00edch druh\u016f je existen\u010dn\u011b ohro\u017eeno, endemick\u00fd ibi\u0161ek <em>Hibiscus insularis<\/em> a bobovit\u00e1 <em>Streblorrhiza speciosa<\/em> \u00fapln\u011b vyhynuly. Pro ochranu zbytk\u016f p\u016fvodn\u00ed vegetace i vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch endemit\u016f byl v roce 1986 vyhl\u00e1\u0161en n\u00e1rodn\u00ed park, kter\u00fd zab\u00edr\u00e1 asi 1\/7 ostrova. Endemick\u00fd blaho\u010det se ov\u0161em dostal i na znak a vlajku ostrova.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"\/foto\/lycopodiellacerherb1.jpg\" alt=\"Lycopodiella cernua\" title=\"Lycopodiella cernua\"\/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Na BOTANY.cz najdete tyto p\u016fvodn\u00ed druhy Norfolsk\u00e9 provincie:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em><a href=\"\/cs\/araucaria-heterophylla\/\">Araucaria heterophylla<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a href=\"\/cs\/canavalia-rosea\/\">Canavalia rosea<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a href=\"\/cs\/crinum-pedunculatum\/\">Crinum pedunculatum<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a href=\"\/cs\/dicranopteris-linearis\/\">Dicranopteris linearis<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a href=\"\/cs\/ficinia-nodosa\/\">Ficinia nodosa<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a href=\"\/cs\/flagellaria-indica\/\">Flagellaria indica<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a href=\"\/cs\/halophila-ovalis\/\">Halophila ovalis<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a href=\"\/cs\/histiopteris-incisa\/\">Histiopteris incisa<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a href=\"\/cs\/homalanthus-populifolius\/\">Homalanthus populifolius<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a href=\"\/cs\/ipomoea-pes-caprae\/\">Ipomoea pes-caprae<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a href=\"\/cs\/lagunaria-patersonia\/\">Lagunaria patersonia<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a href=\"\/cs\/lycopodiella-cernua\/\">Lycopodiella cernua<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a href=\"\/cs\/microtis-unifolia\/\">Microtis unifolia<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a href=\"\/cs\/phormium-tenax\/\">Phormium tenax<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a href=\"\/cs\/psilotum-nudum\/\">Psilotum nudum<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a href=\"\/cs\/spinifex-sericeus\/\">Spinifex sericeus<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a href=\"\/cs\/sporobolus-virginicus\/\">Sporobolus virginicus<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/cs\/tetragonia-trigyna\/\"><em>Tetragonia trigyna<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<li><em><a href=\"\/cs\/thelypteris-dentata\/\">Thelypteris dentata<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Soused\u00edc\u00ed floristick\u00e9 provincie:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"\/cs\/novokaledonska-provincie\/\">Novokaledonsk\u00e1 provincie<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/cs\/novozelandska-provincie\/\">Novoz\u00e9landsk\u00e1 provincie<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/cs\/provincie-ostrova-lord-howe\/\">Provincie Ostrova lorda Howa<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/cs\/queenslandska-provincie\/\">Queenslandsk\u00e1 provincie<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img src=\"\/foto\/phormiumtenherb1.jpg\" alt=\"Phormium tenax\" title=\"Phormium tenax\"\/><\/p>\n<p>Fotografovali Ladislav Kov\u00e1\u0159, V\u011bra Svobodov\u00e1 a V\u00edt Grulich.<\/p>\n<div class=\"nastred\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script><br \/>\n<!-- Prvn\u00ed --><br \/>\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\n     style=\"display:inline-block;width:570px;height:120px\"\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-5451212302176129\"\n     data-ad-slot=\"4753336691\"><\/ins><br \/>\n<script>\n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\n<\/script><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":77,"featured_media":180775,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[8,232],"tags":[],"fifu_image_url":"\/foto\/lagunariapatersoniaherb1.jpg","fifu_image_alt":"Holantarctis \u2013 Novoz\u00e9landsk\u00e1 oblast \u2013 Norfolsk\u00e1 provincie","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/botany.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/88135"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/botany.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/botany.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/botany.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/77"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/botany.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=88135"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/botany.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/88135\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":215642,"href":"https:\/\/botany.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/88135\/revisions\/215642"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/botany.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/180775"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/botany.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=88135"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/botany.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=88135"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/botany.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=88135"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}