Brazilian-Venezuelan sub-region covers almost all basin of Amazon River (excepting highland areas of Andes), in the south the upper half of basin of Paraná River and in the north the basin of Orinoco River. This area belongs to the botanically richest areas in the world. The amount of species strongly overreaches the number of 50.000. About one half of all genera are endemic. Endemism of species could be even bigger locally, especially in highland areas. Some authors classify this sub-region for more detail into Venezuelan-Guiana, Amazon and Brazil area.
- ACMELLA OLERACEA (L.) R. K. Jansen – Brazilian Cress, Para Cress, Toothache Plant
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- AECHMEA FASCIATA (Lindl.) Baker – Silver Vase, Urn Plant
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- AECHMEA NUDICAULIS (L.) Griseb.
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- AECHMEA ORLANDIANA L. B. Sm. – Finger-of-God
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- AECHMEA PINELIANA (Brongn. ex Planch.) Baker
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- ALTERNANTHERA PHILOXEROIDES (Mart.) Griseb. – Alligator Weed
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- BLUTAPARON VERMICULARE (L.) Mears – Silverweed, Saltweed, Samphire
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- BRASSIA VERRUCOSA Bateman ex Lindl. – Warty Brassia
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- CEIBA PENTANDRA (L.) Gaertn. – Kapoktree, Silk Cottontree
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- CENTROSEMA ANGUSTIFOLIUM (Kunth) Benth.
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- CENTROSEMA PLUMIERI (Pers.) Benth. – Feefee
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- CENTROSEMA SCHOTTII (Millsp.) K. Schum.
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- CYPERUS ERAGROSTIS Lam. – Drain Flat Sedge, Pale Galingale, Umbrella Sedge
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- DALBERGIA ECASTAPHYLLUM (L.) Taub. – Coinvine
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- ECHINODORUS SUBALATUS (Mart. ex Schult. f.) Griseb.
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- ERYTHRINA CRISTA-GALLI L. – Cockspur Coral Tree
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- GUZMANIA MONOSTACHIA (L.) Rusby ex Mez
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- GUZMANIA SANGUINEA (André) André ex Mez
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- HATIORA SALICORNIOIDES (Haw.) Britton et Rose – Bottle Cactus, Dancing-bones, Drunkard’s-dream, Spice Cactus
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- IPOMOEA ALBA L. – Moonflower, Moon Vine, Tropical White Morning-glory
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- IPOMOEA PES-CAPRAE (L.) R. Br. – Railroad Vine, Bayhops
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- IPOMOEA QUAMOCLIT L. – Cypress Vine, Cardinal Creeper, Cardinal Vine, Star Glory, Hummingbird Vine, Cypressvine Morning Glory
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- MACROPTILIUM ATROPURPUREUM (DC.) Urb. – Purple-bean, Surple-bean
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- MERREMIA UMBELLATA (L.) Hallier f. – Hogvine
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- ORECTANTHE SCEPTRUM (Oliv.) Maguire
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- ORTHOPHYTUM GURKENII Hutchison
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- PARTHENIUM HYSTEROPHORUS L. – Bitterweed, Carrot-grass, Santa Maria Feverfew
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- PLEOPELTIS POLYPODIOIDES (L.) E. G. Andrews et Windham – Resurrection Fern
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- PLUCHEA CAROLINENSIS (Jacq.) G. Don – Cattletongue, Coughbush, Cure-for-all
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- PONTEDERIA CORDATA L. – Pickerelweed
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- PORTEA PETROPOLITANA (Wawra) Mez
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- POSOQUERIA LATIFOLIA (Rudge) Schult. – Needle Flower Tree
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- PROSTHECHEA COCHLEATA (L.) W. E. Higgins – Cockleshell Orchid, Clamshell Orchid, Black Orchid
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- RHIPSALIS CEREUSCULA Haw. – Mistletoe Cactus, Coral Cactus
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- RHIPSALIS MESEMBRYANTHEMOIDES Haw.
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- RUMOHRA ADIANTIFORMIS (G. Forst.) Ching – Leather Fern, Leatherleaf Fern
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- SALVIA COCCINEA Buc’hoz ex Etl. – Scarlet Sage, Texas Sage, Tropical Sage, Blood Sage, Hummingbird Sage
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- SALVINIA MINIMA Baker – Common Salvinia, Water Spangles, Floating Fern
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- SCHIZOLOBIUM PARAHYBA (Vell.) S. F. Blake – Brazilian Firetree, Quamwood
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- SESBANIA PUNICEA (Cav.) Benth. – Rattlebox, Spanish Gold, Purple Sesban, Red Sesbania, Scarlet Wisteria, Rattlebrush
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- SESUVIUM PORTULACASTRUM (L.) L. – Seaside Purslane, Shoreline Purslane, Sea Purslane
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- STEGOLEPIS GUIANENSIS Klotzsch ex Körn.
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- TILLANDSIA FASCICULATA Sw. – Giant Air Plant
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- TILLANDSIA USNEOIDES (L.) L. – Spanish Moss, Long Moss, Black Moss, Old Man’s Beard
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- WALTHERIA INDICA L. – Uhaloa, Boaterbush, Sleepy-morning, Buff-coat
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