Holarctis – Mediterranean

Mediterranean covers the area around Mediterranean Sea, so the southern part of Europe, northern part of Africa and north-western part of Arabian Peninsula. This Area has none endemic family, but the amount of endemic species is considerable. It belongs to the botanically richest areas in Holarctis.

• ABIES ALBA Mill. – Silver Fir
• ADONIS AESTIVALIS L. – Summer Pheasant’s Eye
• ADONIS ANNUA L. – Autumn Pheasant’s Eye, Blooddrops
• AGROSTEMMA GITHAGO L. – Corn Cockle
• AIZOON CANARIENSE L. – Canarian Aizoon, Purslane-leaved Aizoon
• ALISMA PLANTAGO-AQUATICA L. – Common Water-plantain
• ALKANNA TINCTORIA (L.) Tausch – Dyer’s Alkanet, Dyer’s Bugloss, Spanish Bugloss
• ALLIUM FLAVUM L. – Fragrant Yellow Allium, Yellow Onion
• ANACAMPTIS PYRAMIDALIS (L.) L. C. Rich. – Pyramidal Orchid
• ANCHUSA AEGYPTIACA (L.) A. DC. – Egyptian Alkanet
• ANCHUSA AZUREA Mill. – Italian Alkanet
• ANCHUSA STRIGOSA Banks et Sol. – Prickly Alkanet
• ANCHUSA UNDULATA subsp. HYBRIDA (Ten.) Cout. – Undulate Alkanet
• ANDROSACE MAXIMA L. – Annual Androsace, Greater Rockjasmine
• ANEMONE APENNINA L. – Blue Anemone
• ANEMONE BLANDA Schott et Kotschy – Balkan Anemone
• ANEMONE HORTENSIS L. – Broad Leaved Anemone
• ANEMONE NEMOROSA L. – Wood Anemone, Windflower
• ANTENNARIA DIOICA (L.) Gaertner – Stoloniferous Pussytoes, Mountain Everlasting
• ANTHEMIS TRICOLOR Boiss. – Three-coloured Chamomile
• ANTHYLLIS TETRAPHYLLA L. – Bladder Vetch
• ARABIS GLABRA (L.) Bernh. – Tower Mustard
• ARABIS PURPUREA Sibth. et Sm. – Purple Rock-cress
• ARENARIA GRANDIFLORA L. – Sandwort
• ARISTOLOCHIA CLEMATITIS L. – Birthwort
• ARNICA MONTANA L. – Mountain Arnica
• ASCLEPIAS SYRIACA L. – Common Milkweed
• ASPERUGO PROCUMBENS L. – German-madwort
• ASPHODELUS RAMOSUS L. – Branched Asphodel
• ASPLENIUM RUTA-MURARIA L. – Wall Rue
• ASPLENIUM SEPTENTRIONALE (L.) Hoffm. – Forked Spleenwort
• AURINIA SAXATILIS subsp. ARDUINI (Fritsch) Dostál – Golden Alison
• BARBAREA BRACTEOSA Guss.
• BLACKSTONIA PERFOLIATA (L.) Hudson – Yellow-wort
• BOTRYCHIUM LUNARIA (L.) Schwartz – Common Moonwort
• BUTOMUS UMBELLATUS L. – Flowering Rush
• CAKILE MARITIMA Scop. – Sea Rocket, Two-head Sea Rocket, European Searocket
• CALLUNA VULGARIS (L.) Hull. – Heather, Ling
• CALYSTEGIA SEPIUM (L.) R. Br. – Hedge Bindweed, Bellbine
• CARDAMINE GLAUCA Spreng. ex DC.
• CARDARIA DRABA (L.) Desv. – Hoary Cress
• CARDOPATIUM CORYMBOSUM (L.) Pers.
• CARDUUS NUTANS L. – Musk Thistle, Nodding Plumeless Thistle
• CARLINA ACAULIS L. subsp. ACAULIS – Stemless Carline Thistle
• CARLINA GRAECA Heldr. et Sart. – Greek Carline Thistle
• CENTAUREA TCHIHATCHEFFII Fisch. et Mey.
• CEPHALANTHERA DAMASONIUM (Mill.) Druce – Large White Helleborine
• CEPHALANTHERA LONGIFOLIA (L.) Fritsch. – Narrow-leaved Helleborine, Swordleaf Helleborine
• CEPHALANTHERA RUBRA (L.) L. C. Richard – Red Helleborine
• CERASTIUM DECALVANS Schloss. et Vuk.
• CERINTHE MINOR L. – Lesser Honeywort
• CHENOPODIUM CHENOPODIOIDES (L.) Aellen – Low Goosefoot
• COLCHICUM AUTUMNALE L. – Meadow Saffron
• CORIS MONSPELIENSIS L.
• CORNUS MAS L. – Cornelian Cherry
• CORYDALIS CAVA (L.) Schweigg. et Körte – Hollowroot
• CUPRESSUS SEMPERVIRENS L. – Italian Cypress, Mediterranean Cypress
• CUSCUTA EUROPAEA L. – European Dodder, Greater Dodder
• CYCLAMEN REPANDUM Sibth. et Sm. – Spring Sowbread
• CYNOMORIUM COCCINEUM L. – Scarlet Synomorium, Maltese Mushroom
• CYPERUS ERAGROSTIS Lam. – Drain Flat Sedge, Pale Galingale, Umbrella Sedge
• DACTYLORHIZA INCARNATA (L.) Soó – Early Marsh Orchid
• DACTYLORHIZA SAMBUCINA (L.) Soó – Elder-flowered Orchid
• DAVALLIA CANARIENSIS (L.) Sm. – Deer-foot Fern, Are-foot Fern
• DIANTHUS DELTOIDES L. – Maiden Pink
• DICTAMNUS ALBUS L. – Burning Bush
• DIGITALIS GRANDIFLORA Miller – Large Yellow Foxglove
• ECHINOPS SPHAEROCEPHALUS L. – Great Globe-thistle
• ECHIUM ITALICUM L. – Italian Bugloss, Pale Bugloss
• ECHIUM VULGARE L. – Viper’s Bugloss
• EPILOBIUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM L. – Rosebay Willowherb
• EPIPACTIS PALUSTRIS (L.) Crantz – Marsh Helleborine
• ERANTHIS HYEMALIS (L.) Salisb. – Winter Aconite
• ERICA ARBOREA L. – Brierroot, Tree Heath
• EROPHILA VERNA (L.) Bess. – Common Whitlow-grass
• EUPHORBIA LATHYRIS L. – Moleplant, Caper Spurge
• FAGUS SYLVATICA L. – European Beech
• FILIPENDULA ULMARIA (L.) Maxim. – Meadowsweet
• FILIPENDULA VULGARIS Moench – Dropwort
• FRAXINUS EXCELSIOR L. – European Ash
• FUMANA PROCUMBENS (Dunal) Gren. et Godr. – Sprawling Needle Sunrose
• FUMANA THYMIFOLIA (L.) Spach – Thyme-leaved Fumana
• GAGEA BOHEMICA (Zauschn.) Schult. et Schult. f. – Early Star-of-Bethlehem
• GAGEA GRAECA (L.) Irmsch.
• GAGEA LUTEA (L.) Ker-Gawler – Yellow Star-of-Bethlehem
• GALANTHUS NIVALIS L. – Common Snowdrop
• GALATELLA LINOSYRIS (L.) Rchb. f. – Goldilocks Aster, Goldilocks
• GLADIOLUS TRIPHYLLUS (Sm.) Ker Gawl. – Three-leaved Gladiolus
• GLAUX MARITIMA L. – Sea-milkwort
• HEDERA HELIX L. – Ivy
• HELIANTHEMUM APENNINUM (L.) Mill. – White Rockrose
• HELIANTHEMUM CANUM (L.) Baumg. – Hoary Rockrose
• HIMANTOGLOSSUM HIRCINUM (L.) Spreng. – Lizard Orchid
• HIPPURIS VULGARIS L. – Common Mare’s-tail
• HYOSCYAMUS NIGER L. – Henbane
• HYPERICUM PERFORATUM L. – Perforate St. John’s Wort
• HYSSOPUS OFFICINALIS L. – Hyssop
• IPOMOEA IMPERATI (Vahl) Griseb. – Beach Morning Glory
• IRIS PSEUDACORUS L. – Yellow Flag
• IRIS PSEUDOPUMILA Tineo
• JUNIPERUS COMMUNIS L. – Common Juniper, Malchangel
• LATHRAEA SQUAMARIA L. – Common Toothwort
• LAVANDULA STOECHAS L. – French Lavender, Italian Lavender, Spanish Lavender, Topped Lavender, Wild Lavender, Bush Lavender
• LEUCOJUM AESTIVUM L. – Loddon-lily, Summer Snowflake
• LEUCOJUM VERNUM L. – Spring Snowflake
• LILIUM MARTAGON L. – Martagon, Turk’s Cap Lily
• LIMODORUM ABORTIVUM (L.) Sw. – Violet Limodore, Violet Bird’s-nest Orchid
• LITHODORA HISPIDULA (Sibth. et Sm.) Griseb. – Gromwell
• LITHOSPERMUM PURPUROCAERULEUM L. – Purple Gromwell, Blue Gromwell
• LOBULARIA MARITIMA (L.) Desv. – Sweet Alison, Sweet-Alice, Sweet-alyssum
• LUNARIA REDIVIVA L. – Perennial Honesty
• LYCHNIS CHALCEDONICA L. – Maltese Cross, Scarlet-lychnis
• MARESIA NANA (DC.) Batt.
• MATTHIOLA TRICUSPIDATA (L.) R. Br. – Three-horned Stock
• MEDICAGO ARABICA (L.) Huds. – Spotted Medick
• MELAMPYRUM ARVENSE L. – Field Cow-wheat
• MORAEA SISYRINCHIUM (L.) Ker Gawl. – Barbary-nut
• NEATOSTEMA APULUM (L.) I. M. Johnst. – Hairy Sheepweed
• NONEA PULLA (L.) DC. – Wrinklenut
• NOTHOLAENA MARANTAE (L.) Desv.
• NUPHAR LUTEA (L.) Smith – Yellow Waterlily
• ONOBRYCHIS VENOSA (Desf.) Desv. – Veined Sainfoin
• ONONIS SPINOSA L. – Spiny Restharrow
• ONOSMA FRUTICOSA Sibth. et Sm. – Shrubby Golden-drop
• OPHIOGLOSSUM VULGATUM L. – English Adder’s-tongue, Southern Adder’s-tongue
• OPHRYS APIFERA Huds. – Bee Orchid
• OPHRYS BISCUTELLA O. et D. Danesch
• OPHRYS BOMBYLIFLORA Link – Bumblebee Orchid
• OPHRYS SPHEGODES Mill. – Early Spider Orchid
• OPHRYS TENTHREDINIFERA Willd. – Sawfly Orchid
• ORCHIS ANATOLICA subsp. TROODI Renz – Troodos Anatolian Orchid
• ORCHIS ITALICA Poir. – Italian Orchid, Naked Man Orchid
• ORCHIS MILITARIS L. – Military Orchid
• ORCHIS MORIO L. – Green-winged Orchid
• ORCHIS PALLENS L. – Pale-flowered Orchid
• ORCHIS PAPILIONACEA L. – Butterfly Orchid
• ORCHIS PAUCIFLORA Ten. – Sparse-flowered Orchid
• ORCHIS PROVINCIALIS Balb. ex Lam. et DC. – Provence Orchid
• ORCHIS PURPUREA Huds. – Lady Orchid
• ORCHIS QUADRIPUNCTATA Cirillo ex Ten. – Four-spotted Orchid
• ORCHIS TRIDENTATA Scop. – Toothed Orchid
• ORNITHOGALUM ARABICUM L. – Arabian Starflower
• ORNITHOGALUM COMOSUM L.
• PANCRATIUM MARITIMUM L. – Sea-daffodil
• PAPAVER ARGEMONE L. – Prickly Poppy
• PAPAVER RHOEAS L. – Common Poppy
• PARNASSIA PALUSTRIS L. – Grass-of-Parnassus, Bog Star, Marsh Parnassia
• PARONYCHIA MACROSEPALA Boiss.
• PETRORHAGIA SAXIFRAGA (L.) Link – Tunic Flower, Coat Flower, Saxifrage-pink
• PHYSALIS ALKEKENGI L. – Cape Gooseberry, Chinese Lantern, Winter Cherry
• PINUS PINEA L. – Stone Pine, Umbrella Pine, Italian Stone Pine
• PINUS SYLVESTRIS L. – Scots Pine, Scotch Pine
• PLANTAGO AFRA L. – African Plantain, Glandular Plantain, Black Psyllium
• PLANTAGO ALBICANS L. – Downy Plantain
• PLANTAGO ARENARIA Waldst. et Kit. – Sand Plantain, Branched Plantain, French Psyllium
• PLANTAGO CRETICA L. – Cretan Plantain
• POLYPODIUM VULGARE L. – Common Polypody
• PRIMULA ELATIOR (L.) Hill – Oxlip
• PRIMULA VERIS L. – Cowslip
• PSEUDOFUMARIA ALBA (Mill.) Lidén – Pale Corydalis
• PSEUDOLYSIMACHION SPICATUM (L.) Opiz – Spiked Speedwell
• QUERCUS ALNIFOLIA Poech – Golden Oak
• RANUNCULUS BREVIFOLIUS Ten.
• RESEDA PHYTEUMA L. – Rampion Mignonette
• RUBIA PEREGRINA L. – Wild Madder
• SCHOENOPLECTUS SUPINUS (L.) Palla
• SEDUM ACRE L. – Wall Pepper
• SEDUM CAESPITOSUM (Cav.) DC.
• SEDUM CEPAEA L.
• SEDUM MAGELLENSE Ten.
• SEDUM MICROSTACHYUM (Kotschy) Boiss. – Small-spiked Stonecrop
• SEDUM MUCIZONIA (Ortega) Raym.-Hamet
• SEDUM OCHROLEUCUM Chaix
• SEMPERVIVUM TECTORUM L. – Common Houseleek, Liveforever
• SERAPIAS LINGUA L. – Tongue Serapias, Tongue Orchid
• SERAPIAS PARVIFLORA Parl. – Small-flowered Serapias, Small-flowered Tongue Orchid
• SILENE UNIFLORA Roth – Sea Campion
• SPIRANTHES SPIRALIS (L.) Chevall. – Autumn Ladie’s Tresses
• STACHYS ANNUA (L.) L. – Annual Hedgenettle
• TEUCRIUM FRUTICANS L. – Shrubby Germander, Tree Germander
• TEUCRIUM MONTANUM L. – Mountain Germander
• THLASPI CYPRIUM Bornm. – Cyprus Penny-cress
• THYMUS INTEGER Griseb. – Thyme
• TRAPA NATANS L. – Water Chestnut
• ULEX EUROPAEUS L. – Common Gorse
• UMBILICUS HEYLANDIANUS Webb et Berthel.
• VERBASCUM PHOENICEUM L. – Purple Mullein
• VINCA MINOR L. – Common Periwinkle, Lesser Periwinkle
• WOODWARDIA RADICANS (L.) Sm. – European Chain Fern
• XERANTHEMUM ANNUUM L. – Immortelle, Everlasting